{"id":526,"date":"2020-10-05T22:09:01","date_gmt":"2020-10-05T14:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/?p=526"},"modified":"2020-10-05T22:09:51","modified_gmt":"2020-10-05T14:09:51","slug":"linux%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%8a%a0%e5%9b%ba-%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%81%e6%8e%88%e6%9d%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/?p=526","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u56fa-\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6388\u6743"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406<\/h1>\n

\u7ba1\u7406\u8d26\u53f7<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7528\u9014\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u8d26\u53f7\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8d8a\u6743\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

cat \/etc\/passwd <\/span>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/span>\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

#useradd username <\/span>#<\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n

#passwd username <\/span>#<\/span>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

#chmod 750 directory<\/span><\/p>\n

#<\/span>\u5176\u4e2d 755 <\/span>\u4e3a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0cdirectory <\/span>\u662f\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u6743\u9650\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5982\/home\/heyi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53e3\u4ee4<\/span>\u53ca\u6743\u9650\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5220\u9664\u65b0\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5e10\u6237<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6807\u8bb0\u7528\u6237\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u662f\u5426\u6709\u975e\u6cd5\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u7ba1\u7406\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d26\u53f7\u6743\u9650<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e10\u53f7<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n

2<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u66f4\u6539\u5371\u9669\u5e10\u53f7\u7f3a\u7701\u7684 <\/span><\/b>shell <\/span><\/b>\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5141\u8bb8\u975e\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8d26\u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

cat \/etc\/passwd <\/span>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868<\/span><\/p>\n

cat \/etc\/shadow <\/span>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u5bc6\u7801\u914d\u7f6e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

# userdel lp<\/span><\/p>\n

# groupdel lp<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5e10\u53f7\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

lp, sync, shutdown, halt, news, uucp, operator, games, gopher<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

1<\/span>\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e10\u53f7\u7684 <\/span>shell <\/span>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 aemon,bin,sys<\/span>\u3001adm<\/span>\u3001lp<\/span>\u3001<\/span><\/p>\n

uucp<\/span>\u3001nuucp<\/span>\u3001smmsp <\/span>\u3001<\/span>uucp<\/span>\u3001<\/span>ftp<\/span>\u3001<\/span>news <\/span>\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9700\u8981 <\/span>FTP <\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e10\u53f7\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/span>\/bin\/bash <\/span>\u6216\u8005\/bin\/sh <\/span>\u7b49 <\/span>Shell <\/span>\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2<\/span>\u3001\u5728\/etc\/passwd <\/span>\u4e2d\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684 <\/span>shell <\/span>\u53d8\u91cf\u8bbe\u4e3a\/bin\/false <\/span>\u6216\u8005\/dev\/null <\/span>\u6216\/sbin\/nologin<\/span>\u7b49.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<\/span>usermod -s \/dev\/null username <\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u66f4\u6539 <\/span>shell<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u6062\u590d\u8d26\u53f7\u6216\u8005 SHELL<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5219\u9501\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u7981\u6b62root\u6743\u9650\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u9650\u5236\u5177\u5907\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

2<\/span><\/b>\u3001\u9700\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e94\u5148\u4ee5\u666e\u901a\u6743\u9650\u7528\u6237\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u8d26\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5141\u8bb8 root <\/span>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u975e\u6cd5\u767b\u9646<\/span>\uff0c\u5b58\u5728<\/span>root<\/span>\u8d26\u53f7\u88ab\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u5371\u9669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

cat <\/span>\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/span><\/p>\n

cat \/etc\/securetty<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n

#vi \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fee\u6539<\/span>PermitRootLogin yes<\/span>\u6539\u4e3a<\/span>PermitRootLogin no<\/span><\/p>\n

\u91cd\u542f sshd <\/span>\u670d\u52a1<\/span><\/p>\n

#service sshd restart<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\/etc\/securetty<\/span>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\uff1aCONSOLE <\/span><\/span>= \/dev\/tty01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u8fd8\u539f\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n

\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config <\/span>\u4e2d PermitRootLogin no<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u7a7a\u53e3\u4ee4\u8d26\u53f7<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u7f16\u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u540d\u79f0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u7a7a\u53e3\u4ee4\u8d26\u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u7981\u6b62\u7a7a\u53e3\u4ee4\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

cat \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

awk -F: ‘($2 == “”){print $1}’ \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

awk -F: ‘($2 == “”){print $1}’ \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u7528 root <\/span>\u7528\u6237\u767b\u9646 Linux <\/span>\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6267\u884c passwd <\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u53e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Root <\/span>\u8eab\u4efd\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u53e3\u4ee4\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u53e3\u4ee4<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5982\u6709\u53e3\u4ee4\u7b56\u7565\u5219\u5931\u8d25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cat \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u7279\u6743\u8d26\u53f7<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u9664 <\/span><\/b>root <\/span><\/b>\u4e4b\u5916 <\/span><\/b>UID <\/span><\/b>\u4e3a <\/span><\/b>0 <\/span><\/b>\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u8d26\u53f7\u6743\u9650\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u975e\u6cd5\u5229\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

awk -F: ‘($3 == 0) { print $1 }’ \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5220\u9664 root <\/span>\u4ee5\u5916\u7684 UID <\/span>\u4e3a0 <\/span>\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u65e0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5305\u62ec\u201croot<\/span>\u201d\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5219\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u8981\u6c42<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u53e3\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h1>\n

\u4fee\u6539\u53e3\u4ee4\u7b56\u7565<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u9632\u6b62\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u9759\u6001\u53e3\u4ee4\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53e3\u4ee4\u957f\u5ea6\u81f3\u5c11 8 <\/span>\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5f31\u53e3\u4ee4\u589e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7801\u88ab\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7387<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

cat \/etc\/login.defs<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

# vi \/etc\/login.defs<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c06\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4fee\u6539\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

PASS_MAX_DAYS   99999<\/span><\/p>\n

PASS_MIN_DAYS   0<\/span><\/p>\n

PASS_MIN_LEN    8<\/span><\/p>\n

PASS_WARN_AGE   7<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u5bb9\u6613\u7167\u6210\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u9057\u5fd8\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u6b21\u52a0\u56fa\u4e0d\u505a\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

vi \/etc\/login.defs <\/span>\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a0\u56fa\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

cat \/etc\/login.defs<\/span>\u67e5\u770b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53e3\u4ee4\u7b56\u7565<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6388\u6743<\/h1>\n

\u5173\u952e\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u6743\u9650\u914d\u7f6e\u80fd\u529b\u5185\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u5176\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u8fd0\u884c ls <\/span>\u2013al \/etc\/ <\/span>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5173\u952e\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span>\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7 chmod <\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2<\/span>\u3001\u8865\u5145\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bf4\u660e<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0b\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u5e94\u4fee\u6539\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\/etc\/passwd <\/span>\u2013rw-r<\/span>\u2014r<\/span>\u2014<\/span><\/p>\n

\/etc\/shadow <\/span>\u2013r——–<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\/etc\/group <\/span>\u2013rw-r<\/span>\u2014r<\/span>\u2014<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

chmod 644 \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

chmod 600 \/etc\/shadow<\/span><\/p>\n

chmod 644 \/etc\/group<\/span><\/p>\n

3<\/span>\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u5f85\u8865\u5145<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u901a\u8fc7 chmod <\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u539f\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u5230\u52a0\u56fa\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

[root@test1 ~]# <\/span>ls -al \/etc\/passwd | grep ‘^…-.–.–‘<\/span><\/p>\n

-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1611 Jul 15 00:27 \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

[root@test1 ~]# <\/span>ls -al \/etc\/group | grep ‘^…-.–.–‘<\/span><\/p>\n

-rw-r–r– 1 root root 671 Jul 15 00:27 \/etc\/group<\/span><\/p>\n

[root@test1 ~]# <\/span>ls -al \/etc\/shadow | grep ‘^…——-‘<\/span><\/p>\n

-r——– 1 root root 1000 Jul 15 00:36 \/etc\/shadow<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u63a7\u5236\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u540c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u7ec4\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u5f55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

more \/etc\/profile<\/span><\/p>\n

more \/etc\/csh.login<\/span><\/p>\n

more \/etc\/csh.cshrc<\/span><\/p>\n

more \/etc\/bashrc<\/span><\/p>\n

\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b <\/span>umask <\/span>\u503c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span>\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6743\u9650\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

vi \/etc\/profile<\/span><\/p>\n

vi \/etc\/csh.login<\/span><\/p>\n

vi \/etc\/csh.cshrc<\/span><\/p>\n

vi \/etc\/bashrc<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u589e\u52a0 umask 027<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4fee\u6539\u4e3a\u52a0\u56fa\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n

more \/etc\/profile<\/span><\/p>\n

more \/etc\/csh.login<\/span><\/p>\n

more \/etc\/csh.cshrc<\/span><\/p>\n

more \/etc\/bashrc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

umask <\/span>\u662f\u5426\u4e3a027<\/span>\u8fd8\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684022<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u6d88\u8017\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cat \/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/span><\/p>\n

Cat <\/span>\/etc\/pam.d\/login<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span>\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d8  <\/span><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91\u201climits.conf<\/span>\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\uff08vi \/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u7684\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

@heyi     soft  core<\/span>        0<\/span><\/p>\n

@heyi     hard nproc<\/span>      30<\/span><\/p>\n

@heyi            maxlogins       5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ccore 0<\/span>\u201d\u8868\u793a\u7981\u6b62\u521b\u5efa core <\/span>\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cnproc 30<\/span>\u201d\u628a\u6700\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u9650\u5236\u5230 30<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cmaxlogins<\/span>\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6b64\u7528\u6237\u6700\u591a\u767b\u5f55\u6570<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d8  <\/span><\/span>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65<\/span><\/p>\n

\u68c0\u67e5<\/span>\u201c\/etc\/pam.d\/login<\/span>\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cpam_limits.so<\/span>\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

session required \/lib\/security\/pam_limits.so<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

<\/a><\/a>\/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/span><\/p>\n

\/etc\/pam.d\/login<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6062\u590d\u52a0\u56fa\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/span>\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5907\u6ce8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u8d26\u53f7\u6240\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\u8d26\u53f7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u589e\u5f3a\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u8f6e\u5faa\u7684 <\/span><\/b>messages <\/span><\/b>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539<\/span><\/b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u5f55,<\/span>\u6216\u8005\u5220\u9664\u65e5\u5fd7\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

# lsattr \/var\/log\/messages<\/span><\/p>\n

# lsattr \/var\/log\/messages.*<\/span><\/p>\n

# lsattr \/etc\/shadow<\/span><\/p>\n

# lsattr \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

# lsattr \/etc\/group<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span>\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n

# chattr +a \/var\/log\/messages<\/span><\/p>\n

# chattr +i \/var\/log\/messages.*<\/span><\/p>\n

# chattr +i \/etc\/shadow<\/span><\/p>\n

# chattr +i \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

# chattr +i \/etc\/group<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5efa\u8bae\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bf9\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u6216\u53ea\u80fd\u8ffd\u52a0\u7b49\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5efa\u8bae\u6b64\u9879\u5728\u5efa\u5b8c\u8d26\u53f7\u540e\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528 chattr <\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u539f\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

# lsattr \/var\/log\/messages<\/span><\/p>\n

# lsattr \/var\/log\/messages.*<\/span><\/p>\n

# lsattr \/etc\/shadow<\/span><\/p>\n

# lsattr \/etc\/passwd<\/span><\/p>\n

# lsattr \/etc\/group<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Su\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/h2>\n
 <\/div>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n

\n

\u907f\u514d\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5 <\/span><\/b>su <\/span><\/b>\u4e3a <\/span><\/b>root<\/span><\/b>\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n

\n

\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u6743<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n

\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n

\n

Cat <\/span>\/etc\/pam.d\/su<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n

\n

\u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n

\n

1<\/span>\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u914d\u7f6e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8f91vi\n <\/span><\/span>\/etc\/pam.d\/su <\/span>\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u4e0b\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

auth            sufficient      pam_rootok.so <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

auth           required        pam_wheel.so use_uid<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u53ea\u6709 <\/span>wheel <\/span>\u7ec4\u7684\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <\/span>su <\/span>\u547d\u4ee4\u6210\u4e3a <\/span>root <\/span>\u7528\u6237\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u7528su<\/span>\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 <\/span>wheel <\/span>\u7ec4<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

root <\/span>\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\uff1a<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

# chmod\n \u2013G10 <\/span>username<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n

\n

\u56de\u9000\u65b9\u6848<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n

\n

\u6062\u590d\/etc\/pam.d\/su\n <\/span>\u5230\u52a0\u56fa\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n

\n

\u5224\u65ad\u4f9d\u636e<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n

\n

Cat\n <\/span>\/etc\/pam.d\/su<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n

\n

\u5907\u6ce8<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n

\n

\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6e38\u620f\u53e3\u888b\u73af\u5883<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u76ee\u5f55 \u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406 \u7ba1\u7406\u8d26\u53f7 \u5b9e\u65bd\u76ee\u7684 \u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7528\u9014\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168 \u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669 \u8d26\u53f7\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8d8a\u6743\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 \u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001 cat \/etc\/passwd \u8bb0\u5f55\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5217\u8868 \u5b9e\u65bd\u6b65\u9aa4  \u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7\uff1a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":528,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,33],"tags":[],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-network-2","category-network-example"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=526"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":547,"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/526\/revisions\/547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=526"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.furyblog.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftopic&post=526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}